1974 in science

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The year 1974 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

Contents

1 Astronomy and space exploration
2 Engineering
3 History of science
4 Medicine
5 Physics
6 Psychology
7 Other events
8 Awards
9 Births
10 Deaths
11 References

Astronomy and space exploration

February 8 - After 84 days in space, the last crew of the temporary American space station Skylab return to Earth.
Hawking radiation is predicted by Stephen Hawking.^[1]

Engineering

Stephen Salter invents the "Salter Duck", a wave energy converter.

History of science

F. W. Winterbotham publishes The Ultra secret: the inside story of Operation Ultra, Bletchley Park and Enigma, the first popular account of cryptography carried out at Bletchley Park during World War II.

Medicine

Identification of controlled trials in perinatal medicine, as advocated by Archie Cochrane, begins in Cardiff, Wales.^[2]
Henry Heimlich describes the "Heimlich Maneuver" as a treatment for choking.^[3]

Physics

May 18 - "Smiling Buddha", India's first nuclear test explosion takes place underground at Pokhran.^[4]
"November Revolution": J/ψ meson, the first particle found to contain a charm quark, discovered by teams at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, led by Samuel Ting,^[5] and at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, led by Burton Richter.^[6]

Psychology

Civilized Man's Eight Deadly Sins is published by Konrad Lorenz.
Leon Kamin demonstrates that Sir Cyril Burt's influential research into heritability of IQ using twin studies shows evidence of statistical falsification.^[7]

Other events

Rubik's Cube invented by Ernő Rubik.^[8]

Awards

Births

Deaths

February 4 - S. N. Bose, physicist (b. 1894)
May 4 - Ludwig Koch, animal sound recordist (b. 1881)

References

^ Hawking, S. W. (1974-03-01). "Black hole explosions?". Nature 248 (5443): 30. Bibcode 1974Natur.248...30H. doi:10.1038/248030a0. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v248/n5443/pdf/248030a0.pdf. Retrieved 2011-05-25.
^ "About the Cochrane Library". The Cochrane Library. http://www.thecochranelibrary.com/view/0/AboutTheCochraneLibrary.html#ABOUT. Retrieved 2011-01-25.
^ Heimlich, H. (June 1974). "Pop Goes the Cafe Coronary". Emergency Medicine.
^ "India's Nuclear Weapons Program - Smiling Buddha: 1974". Nuclear Weapon Archive. 2001. http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/India/IndiaSmiling.html. Retrieved 2011-05-25.
^ Aubert, J. J. et al. (2 December 1974). "Experimental Observation of a Heavy Particle J". Physical Review Letters 33 (23): 1404–6. Bibcode 1974PhRvL..33.1404A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.1404. http://prl.aps.org/pdf/PRL/v33/i23/p1404_1. Retrieved 2011-11-11.
^ Augustin, J.-E. et al. (2 December 1974). "Discovery of a Narrow Resonance in e⁺e⁻ Annihilation". Physical Review Letters 33 (23): 1406–8. Bibcode 1974PhRvL..33.1406A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.1406. http://prl.aps.org/pdf/PRL/v33/i23/p1406_1. Retrieved 2011-11-11.
^ Gillie, O. (1976-10-24). "Crucial data was faked by eminent psychologist". The Sunday Times (London).
^ Fotheringham, William (2007). Fotheringham's Sporting Pastimes. Anova Books. p. 50. ISBN 1-86105-953-1.